An Evaluation of Immanuel Kant’s “The Enlightenment”

In the essay â€Å"What is Enlightenment,† Immanuel Kant (1784) cited his views on â€Å"enlightenment† and how it affects the general public. He wrote:  Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it without guidance from another.Kant asserted that it is only after an individual liberates himself from guidance of others that he will be able to use the freedom he wants to exercise. In carrying out his duty, for example, man can argue but he cannot revolt as it most definitely will result to failure.Public and Private ReasoningTalking about achievement of enlightenment, Kant identified two types of reasoning: public and private. Public reasoning is being utilized when an individual makes an argument for the purpose of marking progress. On t he other hand, rational workers who use reason in completing their specific jobs exercise private reasoning as the public need not know about their use of reasoning. Besides, people who make use of private reasoning must know how to obey otherwise the completion of the task is impossible.Many examples have been cited by Kant in explaining the difference between public and private reasoning. An example is when military men refused to follow commands. If this happens, their group could no longer be considered military. In a different case, a soldier may follow commands which contrast his personal beliefs but later on will critique what he believes. In this example, he exercises private reasoning in following the commands while his public use of reasoning is demonstrated in voicing out his complaints.As Lewis Beck (1959) wrote:Kant seemed to favor public reasoning over private reasoning as he stated that the public use of one’s reason alone can bring about enlightenment among me n. The private use of reason, on the other hand, may often be very narrowly restricted without particularly hindering the progress of enlightenment.  An example involving clergymen and the case of changing the symbol of the church was provided. Kant described clergyman’s performance of duties as a private use of reason while making use of public reasoning in fulfilling his responsibilities to the public in making progress. He stated, â€Å"For if he believed he had found such in them, he could not conscientiously discharge the duties of his office; he would have to give it up.†Enlightened Age or Age of Enlightenment?According to Kant, we do not live in an enlightened age, but rather an age of enlightenment. He stressed:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"As things now stand, much is lacking which prevents men form being, or easily becoming, capable of correctly using their own reason in religious matters with assurance and free from outside direction. But, on the other hand, we have clear in dications that the field has now been opened wherein men may freely deal with these things and that the obstacles to general enlightenment or the release from self-imposed tutelage are gradually being reduced.†His assertion gave a clearer picture of the difference between an enlightened age and an age of enlightenment. In the former, people become religious without clergymen because they would know when to follow rules and when to disobey them. During the age of enlightenment, however, people make progress by utilizing both kinds of reasoning which eventually results in competence or the balance of both public and private use of reason. We must know how to determine when it is right to obey and right to argue. It enables us to become the managers of our own freedom.Strengths and Weaknesses of Kant’s ArgumentsKant offered several brilliant ideas in his essay. Specifically, his notions about public and private use of reasoning help us gain management of our own freedom. A nd if we know how to live by the rules of reasoning, we will be competent. This later on translates into moving closer to an enlightened age.  While there are really good points in his work, I disagree with some of his views. I personally do not approve of the statement that an enlightened individual should be one who is free of having anything done for him. I strongly believe that man is naturally dependent of other people. We as social beings still have to learn from others and must know how to follow rules in the society. It is never wrong to accept the guidance of others as long as we know that it will eventually result to marking personal progress which shall then help in recording societal progress. ReferencesBeck, Lewis. Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant, Immanuel. What is Enlightenment. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1959.Beck, Lewis. Studies in the Philosophy of Kany. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1956.

Coca-Cola Essay

If we told you that Coca-Cola had operating units in 50 countries around the world, you probably would not be surprised. If we told you that Coca-Cola had been in business for almost 125 years, you probably would not be surprised. So, you tell us †¦ how many different beverages does Coca-Cola produce? 100? 500? 2, 000? Are you surprised yet? Worldwide, Coca-Cola produces an amazing 2, 800 different beverages. When an organization is that big, has that sort of worldwide presence, and boasts what is perhaps the most well-known brand ever, you can bet that a multitude of IT systems are constantly churning in the background, not only keeping the organization running, but also keeping it running ahead of the competition. To support internal collaboration efforts, Coke created something it calls its Common Innovation Framework, a Web-based system that combines project management capabilities with business intelligence. Using the Innovation Framework, anyone from any of the operating units worldwide can search for, find, and apply concepts, strategies, development successes, and marketing approaches that have been used elsewhere in the organization. For example, when introducing Georgia teas in Australia, the Coke people Down Under can research what marketing strategies worked well in related countries such as New Zealand. As Jean-Michel Ares, Coke CIO, explains if, â€Å"Once you have aggregated the pipeline of innovation, the object is to assess and prioritize the best allocation of resources in the organization. Beyond internal employees, Coke is reaching out with new and innovative IT steps. Recently, it rolled out a new line of software services based on hundreds of business processes to its extended family of bottlers. These software services each perform a specific common business function and run within SAP’s ERP software and are delivered by Coke’s IBM hosted date centers. The goal is to create a standardized business and technology platform across all Coke bottlers, most of which are independent franchises. (There are some partly owned by Coke) If Coke and its bottlers are speaking the same language, so to speak, and using the same technology, then supply chain management applications will be the more efficiently streamlined. Standardized in their case equates to saving money by reducing expenses associated with supply chain activities. And even beyond its extended family to bottlers, Coke is using technology to create loyalty and engage more with its customers. Its award winning Web site, My Coke Rewards at www.mycokerewards.com, is the second most popular consumer packaged-goods site, behind only www.kraftfoods.com. My Coke Rewards attracts some 300,000 visitors per day. Offering everything from magazine subscriptions to electronics as prizes (just look under your bottle cap). My Coke Rewards has reconnected Coke with its loyal drinkers. The site has teamed with pop culture crazes such as American Idol, soccer, and auto racing to bring even more consumers into the fold. You can even find Coke-labeled songs through iTunes. Questions: 1.Describe the various IT-enabled initiatives discussed in this case study and categorize them as either above-the-line, below-the-line, or some combination of the two. 2.Why is standardization so important in supply chain management? Coke is developing its own set of software services for bottlers to use. Do you think Coke charges the bottlers for these software services? Why or why not? 3.Describe two different forms of e-collaboration in this case study. For each, articulate the benefits to Coke. 4.How is My Coke Rewards an example of a switching cost? How can a switching cost not have a monetary penalty associated with it. 5.Referring to the diagram below, what do you believe to be Coke’s overall organizational structure? Why? How does Coke’s use of technology support your decision? 6.What sort of business intelligence could Coke gather from its My Coke Rewards Web-site? How could it use this information for customer relationship management activities?

Week8G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week8G - Essay Example Our mission is to provide easy access to cheap (used) books for students all over the world, with regards to the steadily increasing prices on the textbook market (YPB.com, 2012). There should be a vision statement that is the basis of the creation of the given mission statement. There is so much need for clarity on the main purpose of the project. Is it focused at selling the books to its target audience or to offer students a forum for discussion on textbooks and course content, share experience and network all over the continent? Change of a project should also not be initiated because it does not bring forth so much revenue. On the contrary, there should be a development strategy for better marketing and related issues to increase the market scope. It’s not practical to have such a large scope of market for a developing investment. The mission and vision should be smart, where the mission is specific, measurable, and also time bound. Stating that the service will aim to deliver anywhere in the world means there so mush need for an understanding of different course requirements from potentially thousands of academic institutions. This may take a million ears to achieve. The site needs to sell itself in terms of look and feel, so that it is easy to use and keeps interest from site visitors. By using existing customer purchase and search data, the site can offer a more personalised service and allow for people to find additional books which complement current ones. It can also tap into other social networks to help draw in more customers and promote itself at University fresher fairs with a fun image which will help people to remember them when later looking for their course books. Finally, although allowing for some fun and humour, the site needs to be seen as a place which can provide a good quality service and experience whilst maintaining an eye on keen pricing and offers to demonstrate affordability. Such a requirement barely gives

Philosophical meanings behind 4 films Assignment - 1

Philosophical meanings behind 4 films - Assignment Example Like the title implies, Surrogates has meaning attached to it that is of interesting moral consequence. As we see in Laches, Plato explores the various depth perceptions of morality. Plato’s Republic, books 2, 3, and 4, are reflected in the questions that are faced by the main character in the movie Garden State, where Zach Braff is playing a character named Andrew Largeman, or â€Å"Large,† as he is called by his friends. Basically, Plato sets up the stage for the later chapter of the Republic wherein he will discuss virtue more in-depth. In the beginning, however, Plato, like Large, is considering pondering the great questions of life. Largeman questions whether he really needs medication, while Plato philosophizes about what consists of the good, the truthful, and the beautiful. Plato’s seventh book of the Republic more adequately reflects what is meant by virtuousness, or basically what is good and moral. Large in Garden State reflects the ideas that morals are a part of family values as he tries to build a future with Sam, the female lead in Garden State whom Andrew meets at a doctor’s office. He is there as a patient and so is she. They navigate the treacherous waters of being boyfriend and girlfriend while not yet being exclusively so, and basically they become an â€Å"item† together (a couple) throughout the course of the movie. Plato was someone who was interested in communication and this movie Garden State demonstrates the importance of communication and family in everyday life, as that is part of what constituted virtuousness was doing good things. Nicomachean Ethics are present in the movie The Social Network, as basically we see how ethics pervades (or, perhaps, is â€Å"lost†) in this movie. Friends betray friends over the emerging company of Facebook, which causes a lot of difficulty for everyone involved in the nascent stages of one of the world’s largest social networking

Political change in the age of revolutions in France Essay

Political change in the age of revolutions in France - Essay Example In the end, though, the dynasty that Napoleon hoped to found and the empire he set up both proved fragile. His unconditional abdication in 1814 was not the end of the story. He returned to France just under a year later from Elba where he had lived in pensioned exile, and the restored Bourbon regime vowed out at a touch. However, the battle of Waterloo in June 1815 ended Napoleon's illustrious history. The regime installed in 1815 was still there, although somewhat shaken forty years later. This owed much to the salutary fear of revolution. In all the major continental states the restoration era, as the years after 1815 have been termed, was a great period for policemen, conspirators and plotters alike. Secret societies were widespread, undeterred by failure after failure. Class struggles proliferated. This period showed, however, that there was no subversive threat that could not be quashed easily enough. Incorrectly, liberalism and nationalism were usually considered to be inseparable; this was to be proven terribly wrong in later times, but in so far as a few people did seek to change by revolution before 1848, it is largely true that they wanted to do so by espousing both the political principles of the French Revolution - government by representation, popular sovereignty, individual and press freedom - and those of nationality. To the west of the Rhine, where the writ of the Holy Alliance, as was referred the big three conservative powers (Russia, Austria and Prussia), did not run, the story was different; there legitimism was to last for a short period. The very reinstitution of the Bourbon dynasty in 1814 had itself been a bargain with the principle of legitimacy. Louis XVIII was supposed to have ascended to power like any other French King, but he...The man was Napoleon Bonaparte, the republic's former general and this time the First Consul of the new regime and soon to be France's first Emperor. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte had a great personal reputation and popularity. No one but the beaten politicians much regretted it when Bonaparte swept them aside and assumed power.After 1852 France was ruled by an emperor who again bore the name of Napoleon. He was the nephew of the first Napoleon. He had been elected president of the Second Republic, whose constitution he then rejected by a coup d’etat. Th e name Napoleon was itself terrifyingly portentous. It evoked a program of international reconstruction, in short, a revolution. Napoleon III – the second was legal fiction, a son of Napoleon I who had actually never ruled – stood for the destruction of the anti-French settlement of 1815 and, hence, of the Austrian domination which supported it up in Germany and Italy. He declared the rhetoric of nationalism with less reticence than most rulers and appears to have believed in it. With diplomacy and arms, Napoleon III forwarded the work of two great diplomatic technicians, Cavour and Bismarck, the prime ministers of Sardinia and of Prussia, respectively. Cavour died in 1861, and debate still persists over what was the extent of his real aims, but by 1871 his successors had established a united Italy under the former King of Sardinia, who was thus rewarded for the loss of Savoy, the ancestral duchy of his house.

Security Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Security - Case Study Example Computers had literally made the task of computing very fast and ultra accurate; people expect results within minutes or seconds. Scientific, medical, and technological progress had been achieved with the use of all the computer technologies currently available, accelerating human advancement by several degrees if compared to the prior centuries and millennia before the advent of computers. Other areas of human endeavors have likewise benefited from this computer-related development such as in the business and industry sectors, in the telecommunications, banking, trading and commerce sectors as well as in almost all aspects of human life. Today, there is no escaping the fact of interacting with computer-related equipment as people go along their lives in their daily activities. Computers are used in various ways wherein people may not be aware of, like in a building with a computer-controlled air conditioning system, using an elevator or an escalator, trying to get in touch with thei r friends, acquaintances, and relatives through social media sites, to buy a product or service on-line through electronic commerce (e-commerce), and get the news or entertainment from the Internet. This paper focuses on one such aspect, which is the human-computer interface (HCI) that is at the basic level by which people interact with computers. Discussion The field of study concerning the use of computers by humans is called as the human-computer interface (HCI) or also called alternatively as human-computer interactions (HCI). The basic premise of HCI is to study the optimal design of the interaction between people (the users) and the computers or machines they are using in order to give the maximum benefit and likewise avoid unexpected problems between man and machine. HCI is a multidisciplinary approach that utilizes several fields such as engineering design, architecture, computer graphics, the operating systems, and the software programming (confidentiality, integrity, and a vailability or CIA). It is supplemented by the human side of this knowledge such as linguistics, communication theories, cognitive psychology, the social sciences, and human factors like logic, ease of use, user satisfaction, memory recall, attention span, and user experience that contribute to desired results. There are a good number of engineering designs to observe as a guide when designing a human-computer interface (HCI) but it can be reduced to the basic principles which are a focus on the user, emphasis on the task to be performed, and actually measuring the real uses of this interface based on several or repeated simulations to detect any deficiencies and eliminate these. The designer or engineer of the HCI must firstly determine who will be the eventual users of the HCI, so that the final design will be suited for them. Secondly, the designer must know the tasks to be performed using the computer interface, specifically defining these tasks in detail, and also how often the se tasks are to be performed within the day, or during a certain work period. This will hopefully help establish the parameters to be used in the HCI design, using empirical ways or methods to determine the required benchmarks or performance levels (Sarmento, 2005). In order to be able to properly analyze the design issues of the new cash register

The Temperance Movement in Victorian England Essay

The Temperance Movement in Victorian England - Essay Example Industrial Revolution, Agricultural Revolution and growth of imperial power of England made it unbeaten in the world. Developments in the fields of art and literature were comparable to the Elizabethan age. All these greatly influenced the social conditions and interactions of the different classes of contemporary English people and Temperance movement was one of the examples of it. In short, like the second half of the sixteenth century, there developed another ‘Golden Age.’ As part of their religious belief, in the eighteenth century, people from upper class and middle class societies would dish up and drank wine at their dinners. Gradually, moderate use of wine among the people became unrestrained status. Studies mention that â€Å"the earliest temperance associations were founded in Scotland in 1830, but the movement soon came South and similar groups were established in Preston and other industrial towns† (Hope UK, n.d.). Temperance Movement had kept an eye o n moderated use of alcohol and motivated people about the necessity of self control or moderation in drinking. Excessive use of alcohol seriously affected working class people and it paved the way for severe social inconvenience. Number of social organizations and welfare movements has emerged during the end of 17th century and worked aligned with the evil effects of alcohol consumption. In the beginning, Rev. John Edgar, Belfast professor of theology gave spiritual guidelines. Then Joseph Livesey made some remarkable progress in Temperance Movement. Temperance Movement is not only a political or religious movement, but also an artist’s propaganda against the evils of drinking. As a social reform movement against alcohol, Teetotal Movement registered its name through the concept of â€Å"total abstinence from alcohol.† Leaders of Temperance and Teetotal movements have caught the attention of eminent personalities from art, literature and religion. Victorian poet Tennys on, novelist Charles Dickens, George Cruickshank and William Hogarth marked their conscious effort in promoting awareness programs related with Temperance Movement. The evils of drinking had coined direct and indirect consequences in Victorian society. Members of working- class community have faced bitter consequences than middle-class and upper class people. Industrialization and related events contributed a new system in work field and service sector. Workers in large scale industries and factories often tend to follow drinking as an essential means of entertainment because of heavy workload and limited opportunities of amusement. Without a doubt, the main focus of the Temperance Movement was the elimination of drinking habits among the working-class people who lived in Victorian England. Historians have identified number of reasons which promoted physical backgrounds for the formation of the Temperance Movement. The study of Temperance Movement permits the reader to comprehend th e class struggles of Victorian society in which social status designed everything. Excessive drinking nature among the workers in factories made a payment to many other problems such as serious health issues, increased rate of criminal activities, problem of child labour and economic crisis.

Hugo Grotius, from on the Law of War and peace Essay

Hugo Grotius, from on the Law of War and peace - Essay Example Despite the attempt by several government to develop peaceful societies, conflicts exist even at personal levels thereby presenting several ethical dilemmas. War is an evil necessity that as Grotius explains presents realistic solutions to most of the conflicts while at the same time has severe ramifications (Bonevac, 2005). Choosing to engage in war thus presents myriad effects to the people. While war is a social vice that causes extensive loss of lives and destabilization of the society, Grotius explains particular circumstances that justify war. In considering the possibilities to engage in wars, it becomes realistic to weigh the ramifications of war thereby making an informed decision. Firstly, war results in the loss of human life. Nothing justifies the death of another. Engaging in war presents a substantial threat to the lives of the civilians most of who are often unarmed. Additionally, war results in the displacement of many other civilians. The displacement results from large-scale destruction of homes since such readily become battlefields. People therefore flee from their homes in order to seek safe refuge elsewhere. Another equally important effect of war is that it curtails socio economic developments. The heightened insecurity during wars curtails investments besides resulting in massive displacement of people. The two are empirical manifestations that cur b both economic growth and social cohesion. While the above are major concerns that require effective consideration and often serve to prevent people from engaging in wars, wars are at times the only plausible solutions to the social problems in a society. Different countries including the United States have engaged in different wars most of which, the government justified. As Hugo Grotius explains, a war offers realistic solutions to some of the major social problems and is therefore unavoidable in such circumstances. Grotius provides three circumstances which he claims justifies

Philippine History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philippine History - Essay Example On December 10, 1898, the final version of the Treaty of Paris was signed in Paris (hence the namesake). The treaty formally ceded territories, particularly the Philippines from Spain to the United States for $20 million (Zaide, 1984). As any colony would react, the short-term consequence of the acquisition of the Philippines by America can be considered rough. Barely three months after the acquisition of the Philippines, the conflict between the United States and the Philippines began on February 04, 1899 which quickly escalated into a full war with the Battle of Manila in 1899 (Philippine History.org, 2012). Shortly, Philippines declared war against the United States on July 04, 1902 which was known as the Philippine War of Independence with former Katipunan fighters extending their fight against the Americans from their former colonizers, the Spaniards (Lee, 2012). World War II broke out and following the war, the United States relinquished control of the Philippine territory by signing the Treaty of General Relations albeit with conditions which are the signing of the Bell Trade Act which in effect still enforces some sort of control on the Philippine territory. The US established a military in Subic, Philippines and prohibited the country from manufacturing any product that might be of competition against US products. The United States also forced the Philippines to have unlimited access to its natural resources and to have an equal stature with the local with the signing of the Parity Rights Agreement. The American occupation of the Philippines can be said to have changed its cultural perspective.  

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Ethics - Essay Example Rawls’s argument that we should maximin instead of maximize leads to a fascinating standoff, whereby the argument for maximin appeared not compelling, but it was straight additive maximization of utilitarian in a way that revealed the possible function associated with morality that people are expected to maximize. In fact, according to Rawls, the utilitarianism is not straight based on taking maximandum, which refers to the things that are to be maximized that is utility instead of the primary social goods. Moreover, the idea of maximizing the key social goods is not appealing, since it fails to pursue the maximization of utility. Therefore, the espousal of the ideal legitimacy in political Liberalism does not have an effect on the conclusions and arguments that are developed to reinforce the ideal with respect to justice as fairness in utilitarianism and Rawlsian theories (Arneson, 2000). There is another problem with the utilitarianism, which is associated with the tenuous a ssociation with liberalism, whereby in prominent situations of aggregate goods of numerous, people outweigh the few individuals. Moreover, utilitarianism appears to be committed to the majority over the minority, and it seems to be unfair or violating the fundamental rights and liberties. Therefore, utilitarianism retort is unfair since the mere handovers from outdated and pernicious moral conversions. On the other hand, Rawls’s arguments are in the first part, whereby he focuses on the conflicts between utilitarianism and people’s beliefs concerning justice and fairness. In fact, he provides diagnosis, which is unflattering in order to appeal to utilitarianism. Therefore, utilitarianism may seem to be appealing by taking over the model of decision-making that individuals make relating to their lives. However, there is a significant difficulty associated with implementing the model in a society with people suffering from sacrifice, whereby they are denied the chance to obtain the benefits. In this case, the official arguments, in the parties in the original state prefer the Rawlsian Maximin Principle, by turning the choice between rules related to making the decision under uncertain circumstance of maximizing expected utility instead of maximin. The formal argument of the Rawls’s assertion is supported by the psychological arguments related to parties in the original state that prefers the principles. In fact, ideas of psychological arguments related to Rawls’s principles do not have limitations of the strains of commitment, like utilitarianism. Moreover, Rawls maintains that people growing in a society governed by principles Rawls’s principles, they would end up valuing the principles and complying with them. Rawls’s principles are concerned with the worst off, whereby the society is committed to the well being of the well off. However, this is not the case with the utilitarianism, whereby it is easier to have the all egiance to a society, which is governed Rawls’s principles, compared to the society governed by utilitarianism. Making a comparison between the Rawls principles with the maximin rule and utilitarianism, there is a chance of utilitarianism given

Confusion misconception Essay Example for Free

Confusion misconception Essay In real life, we encounter many arguments designed to gain our approval. But it is dangerous not to critically analyze these arguments for they may be fallacious. According to â€Å"A fallacy is a type of argument that may seem to be correct but which proves upon examination not to be so†( Copi 72). Fallacious arguments can mislead or deceive people into accepting or believing that an idea /opinion is true/correct or an action is right when in fact, they are not. Ideas/opinions influence our reasoning, that influences our actions, and which in turn directs our destiny. If we have false ideas/opinions then we are more likely to commit wrong actions or give wrong judgment. Therefore, it is important to recognize fallacies for our own sake. On the other hand, knowing fallacies also helps a person how to express his ideas clearly and concisely, having confidence that he was not being misunderstood for he know that what he was trying to say was clearly delivered, having avoided the pitfalls of fallacious reasoning. It also enhances his skill in using the right terms or language to avoid confusion or misconception ( Copi 72-73 and101). The ability to recognize fallacies makes a person a better thinker for then he will be able to use correct reasoning to weigh the â€Å"truthfulness† or â€Å"wrongness† of an idea, opinion or action and hence he will be able to avoid the negative consequences associated with erroneous reasoning. Knowing fallacies therefore, help our thinking abilities, for then it enables a person to â€Å"formulate arguments rigorously and to scrutinize them critically† with the use of logic (Copi 101). Part 2. I agree with the author above that it is important to know fallacies for it will help me to be more cautious and critical in evaluating or accepting an opinion /idea thrown in my direction from various sources. It will help me not to be deceived to agree or to commit an act that at first glance may be right but in the end is fatally wrong. Moreover, I agree with what the author stated that recognizing fallacies makes me a better thinker for, with the use of correct method of reasoning, I will be able to recognize errors in the presentation of arguments. Lastly, I agree with the author’s conclusion that knowing Fallacies enhances my thinking ability for it helps me to be logical, and therefore, not being easily swayed by the opinions of others.

The Oruro Mask Dance Essay Example for Free

The Oruro Mask Dance Essay Culture is usually expressed through different mediums. Values, beliefs, and aspirations of a particular group of people are imbibed in culture. Thus, in order for these cultural traits to be represented in what social scientists call â€Å"the world of cultural relativism†, people express it through rituals, dances, and songs. Generally, these mediums are called â€Å"festivals. † Here in Bolivia, specifically, in Oruro, Santa Cruz, the Oruro Devil Dance is a famous festival. Eight days before the Ash Wednesday, people gather around the town’s plaza to perform a beautiful devil dance or diablada in Spanish (Hamre 1). The devil dance is a commemoration of our ancestors prior to the coming of the Spaniards; a sort of tribute to the dead. The escolas de samba chooses a new theme each year. These themes have one direction: they ought to relive the days of our ancestors. For one, our commemoration of the dead is a symbolic gesture of respect and magnanimity to the dead. Also, we recognize the efforts made by our ancestors in fighting foreigners. Their blood was spilled in the country in order to protect it from invaders. Thus, even with the prohibition of Spanish colonial officials from celebrating this dance, our forefathers danced it in the mountains, far from the contours of civilization. As one may note, diablada survived almost unchanged for many centuries. We, the Bolivians, are also proud of the colorful features of the mask dance. Hundreds of devils in monstrous costumes can be seen in the streets of the town. Some masks are heavy and to an American viewer â€Å"scary. † Other masks have bulging eyes and long hairs, just like the characteristics of the devil in Hollywood movies. I especially like devil masks wearing sparkling breastplates and golden spurs. Some masks are really light, connotative of the â€Å"spiritual origin† of devils. The devil dance is supplemented by a pacifying, rhythmic music from brass bands, pipers, and drummers. The colorful image of the festival as well as its solemn dedication to our ancestors makes it my favorite holiday here in Bolivia. Then the noise in the festival becomes loud and frenzied. Out of the devil dancers comes China Supay (Hamre 1). She is the devil’s wife who performs a seductive dance to attract the Archangel Michael. By the way, this dance was modified by the Spaniards to suit the predominant religion of Bolivia (Roman Catholicism). Then, members of workers’ unions carry small symbols of their union. This is done to show their support for the festival. Dancers in Inca costumes, with headdresses and symbols of the sun and moon on their chests, dance with the dancers dressed as black slaves. These slaves were imported to Bolivia by the Spaniards from West Africa to work in silver mines (operated by the colonial government). Then, family members appear. They are led by matriarchs dressed in yellow. The man of the household appears first (in red dress); then the daughters (in green dress). After which, the families go to the football stadium. Here the next celebrations take place. In the stadium, two plays are conducted (Hamre 1). The first play is about the conquest of Bolivia by the Spanish conquistadores. The second is about the victory of the Archangel Michael against the devil and the Seven Deadly Sins. Michael’s flaming sword is emphasized as the sword of light bound to defeat evil for all eternity. Then, the singing of the song of the Patron Saint of the Miners becomes the next event. They are also expressed in dance using a Quecha hymn. The purpose of the plays is very clear. The plays are a protest to the abuse of Spanish officials and clergy during colonial Bolivia. Although the festival is mixed with Christian tales and concepts, it still adheres to the pre-colonial ceremony of giving gratitude to the dead and the mother earth Pachamama (Hamre 1). The struggle of good and evil are emphasized and made clear through the actions of early Catholic priests pacifying an â€Å"already civilized† nation. Thus, it can be said that the mask festival, specifically the devil dance, is a characterization of our nation’s history. Such history is, of course, characterized by the struggle of good (justice) and evil (injustice by colonizers). The triumph of good signifies the break of our country from the bonds of colonialism, and its entrance to a new hope (the hope that the good will reign in the future). For days, the celebration of the carnival continues. The diablada dancers break into smaller group. Usually, huge bonfires are set to characterize the spiritual and physical unity of the country. Processions are then made and the church becomes a refuge for the homeless. Then, men from different families jointly consume large amounts of Bolivian beer and the very potent chicha (Hamre 1). Chicha is derived from fermented cereals and corn and liquefied in high temperature areas. Usually as the celebration ends, many people sleep in doorways. Others fall (because of drunkenness) sleep in the town’s plaza. The mask festival, most especially the devil dance, is my favorite festival among the festivals in both Bolivia and the United States. One reason is the character of the festival’s message. The redemption of humanity (a Christian concept) from evil is likened to the separation of Bolivia from Spanish rule. This festival presents the history of our country as it both experienced oppression and hope. My next reason has something to do with culture. Among all the festivals celebrated in our country, the mask dance is the most comprehensive; that is, it establishes the full personality of Bolivia. Note that in my description, the mask festival does not focus on one character of a Bolivian; rather it draws from past historical experiences to highlight the full character of a Bolivian. For example, Bolivians are known for being hospitable and diplomatic. This is shown in the mixed dance of the devil dancers with the Incas (a sign of friendship). This festival is really the life and character of my country, Bolivia. Works Cited Devil Dance. (2007). Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 30 October 2007 from http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-77638/Native-American-arts (accessed). Hamre, Bonnie. (2007). Oruros Devil Dance is unforgettable. 30 October 2007 from http://gosouthamerica. about. com/cs/southamerica/a/Carnaval_3. htm (accessed). Oruro Carnival. (2007). New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. 30 October 2007 from http://www. carnavalexhibit. org/bolivia. php (accessed).

A Problem Question on Contract Law

A Problem Question on Contract Law Introduction A contract refers to an agreement between two or more parties which is legally binding in the eyes of the law. Based on Contract Act 1950, section 2 (h), an agreement that is enforceable by law is a contract. Any other agreements that is not enforceable by law is said to be void, section 2 (g). Therefore, section 2 (j) a contract which is ceases to be enforceable by the law becomes void when it ceases to be enforceable. A contract consists of 6 elements which is proposal (section 2) and acceptance (section 7). The agreement made must be certain and lawful to fulfill the requirement of entering a contract. The consideration (section 26) of a contract have to be in price theory or the benefit and detriment theory. Next, certainty (section 30) said that the terms and agreements of a contract need to be certain and clear. Besides that, all party in the contract have to be free consent, section 10. Lastly, section 11 capacity said that minors, person that disqualified from contracting by any law and unsound mind are not competent to enter a contract. Ah Beng Ah Beng wished to sell his 3-year old motorcycle. He have the intention to create legal relations, commercial contract. In a business contract the presumption is that there is an intention to create legal relations. Unlike domestic contract where agreement made between parties are stated as no intention to create such a legal relations. For example, agreement between spouses, between parent and child and agreements between friends. Case law Balfour v. Balfour. The husband promised to pay a monthly allowance as maintenance to his wife. The court held that it was not a legally enforceable agreement, the parties should be attended by legal consequences. According to section 2 (a), when one signifies to another his willingness to do said to make a proposal, Ah Beng is the offeror before he advertised the sale in a local newspaper. After the advertisement,he becomes an acceptor. Advertisement consist of two types of offer, Bilateral and Unilateral offer. Unilateral offer is a party (X) undertakes to do something is another party (Y) decides to accept by performing some lawful act specified by X. For instance, Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Carbolic Smoke Ball company made an offer to the pubic by issuing an advertisement saying that whoever still suffered from influenza after taking their product (a drug) will get  £ 100 in a specified manner and for a specified period of time. Mrs Carlill sued the company for the promise reward. The court held that the advertisement is an offer to the world. Referring to the Bilateral case law Majumder v. Attorney General of Sarawak 1967, a newspaper advertisement stated a medical officer war required and set out the salary scale. The Federal Court held that the advertisement in the newspaper for the post of a medical officer was an invitation to treat. Therefore the advertisement by Ah Beng is a Bilateral Contracts, where both parties make promises to one another, a mutual exchange of promise and this leads to invitation to treat. For example, a job advertisement is not an offer but an Invitation to Treat. The applicant is the offeror for the job and if it is accepted, the promisor is obligated to perform by giving the applicant a position and remuneration in accordance with the advertisement, a promise for a promise. Ah Beng and Ahmad Ah Beng called his colleague Ahmad who had previously told him that he is looking for a used motorcycle for his son for RM 2,500.00 in cash. As they discussed, Ahmad asked Ah Beng to hold the offer till end of the month and Ah Beng did not give an affirmative answer. Based on section 2 (a) , when one signifies to another his willingness to do said to make a proposal. Therefore Ah Beng is the offeror and Ahmad is the acceptor. However, the contract is not valid. There are components under Contracts Act 1950 to determine whether a contract is valid or invalid. When Ah Beng offered Ahmad at the first place, Ahmad request for extension, â€Å"until the end of the month†, setting a new request to Ah Beng. According to section 7 (a), conditional acceptance is no acceptance. Case law Branca v. Cobarro. Ahmad’s act has caused the contract to be invalid. Moreover, at the end of the conversation Ah Beng did not give an affirmative answer to Ahmad , section 7 (a) Acceptance must be absolute as referring to case law of Kam Mah Theatre Sdn. Bhd. v. Tan Lay Soon 1994. The acceptance given by Ahmad must be absolute and unqualified in order to make the contract between him and Ah Beng valid. After two days, Ahmad rang up Ah Beng’s house to inform that he is interested to buy the motorcycle and will go over the next day to make the payment of RM 2,500.00 after seeing Ah Beng has advertised to sell the motorcycle for RM 2,800.00 on the local newspaper. Unfortunately Ah Beng was not in and Ah Beng’s wife is the person who was answering the call. Based on section 4 (1) , a communication is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. Refers to case law, R v. Clarke. Clarke was an accomplice to the murder of two policeman, the Australian published a notice granting pardon and a reward of A$ 1,000. Clark supplied the information but he admitted that at the time he gave the information he had forgotten about the reward money. The court held that he was not entitled to the reward as he was not aware of the reward at all. The contract is therefore invalid as Ahmad did not deliver his messages and offers to Ah Beng’s knowledge and not conforming to Section 4(2)(b). However, the contract can still be valid if Ah Beng give authorization to his wife to accept the offer on behalf of Ah Beng. This is illustrated in the case law Powell n Lee, the court held that there was no authorized communication made by the acceptor. Ah Beng and Maniam Maniam read the advertisement and went over Ah Beng’s house to look for the motorcycle. Maniam’s act is to inquire more information about the motorcycle. The conversation between Maniam and Ah Beng signifies that the advertisement made by Ah Beng regarding the motorcycle is uncertain as there are informations about the motorcycle that Ah Beng did not mention clearly in the advertisement such as the model of the motorcycle, colour of the motorcycle, accident free and current condition of the motorcycle have not been told from the advertisement. This have caused uncertainty for the consideration of an agreement, therefore invalid contract based on section 30. This scenario can be referred to the case law, Karuppan Chetty v. Suah Thian 1916, â€Å"lease at $35.00 per month as long as he like† is unacceptable by the court therefore declared void for uncertainty. Maniam noticed that the battery was weak and both of the tyres were worn off during the inspection of the motorcycle. Ah Beng immediately offered the price to RM 2,700.00 and has become the new offeror, on the other hand Maniam become the new acceptor. As the negotiation going on, case law Lau Brothers Co v. China Pacific Navigation Co. Ltd 1965, no agreement will be formed under negotiation. However Maniam agreed to bring the cash on the next day expecting Ah Beng to replace the two tyres with the new ones. It is a new condition set by Maniam, leading to a counter offer. Based on section 7 (a), the acceptance made must be absolute and unqualified. Therefore the contract is not valid as Maniam’s counter offer is a rejection of the initial contract, contracts subject to contract. The contract would only be valid if it is free consent from both parties. Refers to case law Hyde v. Wrench 1840, the defendant offered to sell his estate to the plaintiff on 6th of Jun for  £1,000. On 8th of June the plaintiff made a counter proposal, 27th of June the defendant refused to accept his offer. Two days later the plaintiff wrote to the defendant that he was prepare to pay  £1,000, the defendant refused. The court held that there was no acceptance as by rejecting the original offer the plaintiff had destroyed the offer. In effect the plaintiff is now making a new offer. By asking Ah Beng to replace the worn off tyres with new ones, Maniam has become the offeror again whereas Ah Beng as the acceptor of this new agreement. At the end of the day, Ah Beng did not give response to Maniam’s further request. Based on section 7 (b), Mental acceptance is no acceptance, silence will not amount to acceptance. Refers to case law Felthouse v. Bindley, plaintif’s uncle offered to buy a horse from plaintiff for  £30 adding â€Å"If i hear no more about him, i consider the horse mine at the price†. The court held that the plaintiff’s silence did not amount to acceptance of the offer. In this case, Ah Beng’s reaction towards Maniam is not an acceptance to the contract, therefore the agreements between Ah Beng and Maniam is invalid. Ah Beng and Jack A classmate of Ah Beng’s 16 year old son, also came to know about the advertisement. Jack immediately went over to Ah Beng’s house and gave five hundred ringgit in cash to Ah Beng’s son with a promise that he will pay the balance the next day after he gets it from his parents. Section 10 (1) states that if the agreements are made by free consent of parties for a lawful consideration are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Jack is willing to enter the contract by offering his money Ah Beng without being forced. Based on section 11 Capacity as per Age of Majority Act 1971, said that the age of majority to enter a contract is at the age of 18 and above. Case law Tan Hee Juan v. Teh Boon Keat, a minor entered into a contract of transferring land. The court held that the contract was void. Jack is a minor, 16 years old and incapable of entering a contract. Moreover, section 69 said that the necessaries suited to his condition in life is not valid. Case law Nash Vs. Inman (1908) a minor, who was already having sufficient supply of clothing suitable to his position, was supplied further clothing by a tailor. Unlike case law Scarborough v. Sturzaker 1905 where the minor needs a motorcycle to travel to work for 12 miles (19 km ) distance everyday. In this case, a motorcycle is necessaries suited to the condition in life. However, there are few exception for necessity which is valid contract. Such as marriage contract, case law Rajeswary v. Balakrishnan 1958. Case law Government of Malaysia v. Gurcharan Singh 1971 stated that scholarship contract is valid for a minor as education is a necessity nowadays. Insurance is also a valid contract for a minor. Based on Insurance Act 1963, a minor can enter an insurance contract if he is above ten years old. According to section 66, obligation of person who has received advantage under void agreement or contract that becomes void. When a contract becomes void, any person who has received any advantage under the agreement is bound to restore it, or make compensation for it to the person from whom he received it. Therefore, Ah Beng is obligated to restore balance, return the five hundred ringgit to Jack. Referring to case law, Thong Foo Ching Ors v. Shigenori Ono 1998. Conclusion In conclusion, non of the person above have a valid contract with Ah Beng. First, the communication is yet to be complete between Ah Beng and Ahmad as Ahmad called and Ah Beng’s wife is the person who answered the call (section 4 (1) Communication). Next, being silence did not amount to acceptance of the offer (section 7 (a). Therefore invalid contract with Maniam as Ah Beng remain silence. Next, the capacity of both parties must be competent to enter a contract in order to make it legal, section 11 Competent to contract. In this case the contract between Ah Beng and Jack is invalid due to the age of Jack, minor (16 years old) .

Knowledge Essay -- essays research papers

Knowledge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowledge can be interpreted in many different ways. Some may see knowledge as learned education. Others may see education as intelligence. None of these perspectives of knowledge are right or wrong. Every person is entitled to their own definition, source, and use of knowledge in their lives. I view knowledge as the wisdom and insight that one may acquire over time, by personal experiences and influences in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the basic knowledge acquired by people starting at a young age is in school. As young children, we learn elementary facts such as our numbers and the alphabet. The older we become, the more facts we are taught, and the more complex these facts become. The knowledge one may learn in school is what I think of as worldly knowledge that will get people into the colleges and jobs that they may desire. The people that are abundant in educational knowledge are the people who dominate our economy and run our country. Certainly, this is one of the more important types of knowledge there are and definitely one that we could not do without, but it is not quite as important as some of the others. Education is vital in life, but mere facts cannot aid in the solution to all problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another source of knowledge is entertainment, such as in television, movies, books, or even music. Certain types of entertainment can even be education. For example, television shows such as â€Å"20/20† or â€Å"DateLine† are both very informative shows, but interesting e...

Business Analysis of IBM Essay -- Business Marketing IBM Companies Ess

Business Analysis of IBM 1. History of IBM: IBM is a multinational corporation that started its activities in 1911. But its origins can be traced back to 1890, during the height of the Industrial Revolution. It was first known as the Computing-Recording Company, and then in 1924, it took the name of International Business Machines. Nowadays, this multinational company is known as the  ¡Ã‚ §Big Blue ¡Ã‚ ¨ 2. Mission statement IBM main activity is to find solutions to its wide range of clients using advanced information technology. Its clients are individual users, specialized businesses, and institutions such as government, science, defense, and spatial and educational organizations. To meet and respond to its customers needs, IBM creates, develops and manufactures many of the worlds most advanced technologies, ranging from computer systems and software to networking systems, storage devices and microelectronics. Indeed, IBM has various product lines and services a few of which are: the Personal Computer that was first created in 1981, AS/400 business system, RS/6000 family of workstations and server systems, S/390 enterprise server, groundbreaking ThinkPad notebook computer; the award-winning IBM Netfinity and finally, PC Servers. It is an important supplier of hard disks, random access memories, and liquid crystal monitors. IBM has created the image  ¡Ã‚ §Solutions for a Little World ¡Ã‚ ¨. Its products and components in other firm products are so widespread that people around the world associate the name IBM with computing functions. 3. Organization IBM is a global information system and computing company. It is organized in 5 worldwide regions, and the following business units: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application Business Systems 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application Solutions 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enterprise Systems 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Networking Systems 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pennant Systems Company 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personal Systems 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Programming Systems 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Storage Products 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology Products 4. Past and current performance: For many years, IBM succeeded in holding a very good market position. In fact, the company achieved a very high market share and huge profits. However, this situation did not last forever. In 1990, IBM experienced its first quarterly loss of $2billion due to some unexpected accounting charges. However, revenues increased from $62.7 billion in the previous year to $96 billion. In 1991, the c... ...nies in the world were ranked: 1.IBM 2.Fujitsu 3.Hewlett-Packard 4.NEC, 5.Compaq. VI. IBM in Morocco: In 1939, IBM France launched in Morocco the first agency in Africa. Morocco was chosen because it represents an open door to Africa. IBM MAROC employs 85 employees and has almost 500 clients (ministries, banks, insurance companies, Al Akhawayn University, etc..). The main activities of IBM MAROC are to meet all customers' needs, to provide high quality tools, and to create a structure that will guarantee high quality maintenance services. IBM has two important strategies, which are: ïÆ'   direct marketing: it means selling directly to the consumer through the mail, by telephone, or door-to-door. By having direct contact with the customer, the company knows what are the needs, the preferences, and then can effectively choose the kind of products it will sell in the Moroccan market. ïÆ'   Commercial partnership: IBM has 22 commercial partners that sell its products in many different regions in Morocco. Thus, IBM MAROC is not obliged to create agencies in many cities, rather, its products are sold with other firms' articles, which increases the competition.

The Story of Anne Frank Essay -- Essays Papers

The Story of Anne Frank Learning about the Holocaust can be extremely difficult due to the massive amount of information it entails. In addition, the Holocaust was a tragic event on so massive a scale it is hard to emotionally comprehend. Comparison is a common way of better understanding and exploring unknown topics. One further step is to bring the topic to a personal level, so one can actually relate known concepts and individual ideas to any new aspects. In other words, an individual in today’s society will receive a deeper and more thorough understanding of the Holocaust if able to compare with an individual living during the Holocaust. One individual who has made it possible to learn more about the Holocaust on a personal level is Anne Frank. This young Jewish girl preserved everyday events during the Holocaust in a diary she kept. For two years Anne was hiding from Nazis, and while imprisoned she used her diary for an escape mentally and emotionally. A quote from Eleanor Roosevelt describes her diary the best. "This is a remarkable book. Written by a young girl-and the young are not afraid of telling truth-it is one of the wisest and most moving commentaries on war and its impact on human beings that I have ever read." 1 This diary in every sense of the word is a "gift" given by Anne Frank, to all those who pursue learning of the Holocaust and to those who still await peace and satisfaction within their own hearts. Anne and her family moved from Germany to Holland even before World War II began. Anne’s father felt it was just as well to turn one’s back on Hitler’s Germany and be secure and protected by their adopted homeland, Holland. 2 Anne was only four when she was introduced to her new home. During the period ... ...k, 23. 7. Frank, 120. 8. Frank, 126. 9. Frank, 211. 10. Frank, 285. 11. Collier’s Dictionary, s.v. "typhus." 12. Frank, 211. 13. Miller, Internet. 14. Miller, Internet. 15. Graver, Lawrence. An Obsession with Anne Frank. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Bibliography - Collier’s Dictionary, s.v. "typhus." - Gies, Miep, and Alison Leslie Gold. Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1987. - Graver, Lawrence. An Obsession with Anne Frank. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. - Frank, Anne. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Translated by B. M. Mooyaart- Doubleday. New York: Random House, Inc., 1952. - Miller, M. F., "Anne Frank Online," http://www.annefrank.com/ The Anne Frank Story

Owen’s war poetry Essay

It is a widely acknowledged truth that war is contemptible and cruel, but it takes the poetic opulence and the lively experience of the war to effectively convey one’s strong attitude against the reality of war. With his frequent use of contrast, para-rhyme and vivid imagery especially of blood and light in his collection of war poems, Wilfred Owen successfully portrays the brutal reality in battle thus stirs the readers’ sympathy for the soldiers, expresses his anger at the futility of war, demonstrates the disdain for ignorant people back at home and voices his anguish at the condemnation that these soldiers have to endure. The horrendous experience Owen has gone through as a soldier in the British Army in World War I explains why the tremendous sufferings by the soldiers stands as the most predominant idea in almost all his poems in the anthology. From the passive suffering of cold winds that â€Å"knife us† (Exposure) to the disturbing death of an unlucky fellow comrade in gas warfare (Dulce et Decorum est) â€Å"flound’ring like a man in fire or lime†, Owen presents a wide range of pains that blurs the boundary between life and death. Although the type of destruction portrayed in each poem is not the same as any other, they all highlight the frightening cruelty of the war, most obvious of all the deterioration of a man’s physical appearance and strength. They are all â€Å"knock-kneed, coughing like hags† before someone was caught in the toxic gas â€Å"guttering, choking, drowning† (Dulce et Decorum est), having â€Å"old wounds save with cold that can not more ache† (Insensibility) that escalate into â€Å"a thousand pains† (Strange Meeting), or even losing their sight â€Å"eyeballs, huge-bulged like squids† that brings them to such a total breakdown that â€Å"he sobbed† (The Sentry). â€Å"All went lame, all blind† because the merciless war gives no exception whatsoever, and that they had lost their boots makes no difference, they still â€Å"limped on, bloodshod†. Using factual vocabulary and vivid imagery which might at some point become grotesque, Wilfred Owen exposes the ugly truth of the war. Blood is an effective image conveying the sense of suffering in the battle, all of which is disturbing and brutal. It bears the connotation both of the death of soldiers and their guilt of shedding the lives of other human beings. The blood either â€Å"come gargling from the froth-corrupted lung† (Dulce et Decorum est) or even gets â€Å"clogged their chariot wheels† (Strange Meeting). Also, if one notices he would see that the word â€Å"blood-shod† in Dulce et Decorum est which echoes â€Å"blood-shed† fully conveys the hellish nature of the war. So much blood has poured that â€Å"the veins ran dry† (Disabled). Owen also successfully utilizes the effect of sounds and pace. By breaking lines into short fragments, he depicts the exhaustion and the limping of these men through the night. Also, whenever he talks about sufferings, Owen uses harsh sounds such as â€Å"k† (knock-kneed), â€Å"d† (drunk with fatigue, deaf to the hoots)†, â€Å"b† and â€Å"p† (what we spoiled/ Or, discontent, boil bloody, and be spilled†) which are either naturally unpleasant sounds or are even reminiscent of the sounds that rifles make. Death is prevailing in these poems and we see most clearly in â€Å"Strange Meeting† that the para-rhyme with the second rhyme lower in pitch than the first demonstrates the dying that these soldiers are going through. They start of as enthusiastic youth only to see themselves slowly rotten away to death. That is the brutal reality of war that Owen brings to readers. Through this we can see clearly that he is strongly anti-war. Together with depicting the physical pain, Owen also highlights the trauma that war leaves on any single soldier and the disparaging effect on their mentality. The idea of seeing their wretched comrade in their dreams is so haunting that it either gets so real-â€Å"guttering, choking, drowning†(Dulce et Decorum est) or keeps coming back like the â€Å"eyeballs† that â€Å"watch my dream still†(The Sentry). The use of continuous verb tense conveys the actuality of a nightmare and also emphasizes on the on-going nature of such horrendous suffering that will definitely traumatize the on-lookers that survive. Also, the idea of being â€Å"watched† adds the survivor guilt that disturbs them. It is so callous an experience, seeing human beings â€Å"die as cattle† that at one point a veteran â€Å"try not to remember these things†. However, â€Å"whenever crumps pummeled the roof and slogged the air beneath†, the hurtful sight in which his comrade â€Å"moans and jumps† and make â€Å"wild chattering of his broken teeth† reappears (The Sentry); there is purely no way out because even the sounds of nature brings back such distressing memory. The description of hostility in nature is also used to further accentuate the enormous psychological suffering of the soldiers. The â€Å"shrieking air† that chases the soldiers running from post to post and the constant rain which â€Å"kept slush waist high, that rising hour by hour, choked up the step† (The Sentry) induces the sense of threat, that any moment the soldiers would all be swallowed up. The soldiers are too discouraged that they slowly give up fighting for their lives in the harshness of nature where â€Å"the merciless iced east winds† â€Å"knife us† (Exposure) or when they are about to be â€Å"jabbed and killed†, all they would do is â€Å"parry† (Strange Meeting). The personification of nature makes it obvious as well how all these soldiers have ceased to consciously distinguish the unloving nature from the human army that they have to fight against in the battle. The sense of pervasive pessimism in the battle is also demonstrated by the pejorative image of â€Å"dawn massing in the east her melancholy army† (Exposure). Dawn, the traditional imagery of hope and new beginning, has been distorted to become a signal of â€Å"melancholy† despair that â€Å"attacks† on â€Å"shivering ranks of gray†. The gloomy dawn blends in with the color of the enemies’ uniform, which further stresses the disheartened spirit of the soldiers in war. Even in their dreams in which they catch a vision of their beloved hometown, they remain skeptic, wondering whether it is just a precursor to death, asking â€Å"Is it that we are dying?† The pararhyme â€Å"snow-dazed faces† and â€Å"sun-dozed† establishes the wispy link between their suffering and their home but also brings out their discouragement at the incomplete and unreal vision of their dreams. Although Owen intends to draw sympathy from the readers for the soldiers thus the anger at the war, he does acknowledge all these sufferings as the condemnation that the soldiers are inclined to suffer once they have gone to war. His frequent reference to Hell is an allusion to The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri which details his visionary progress through Hell and Purgatory. With the description of fire in battlefield, Owen induces a sense of the â€Å"haunting flares† in Hades’ world (Dulce et Decorum est). In Strange Meeting, the soldier â€Å"stood in Hell† after he â€Å"escaped† from the vicious battle. The image of â€Å"purgatorial shadows† (Mental Case) is typically Dantean that emphasizes the tortuous experience of the veterans. By doing this, Owen is both trying to convey the hellish experience of being in the war as if they were punished for their guilt and expressing his certainty of arrival in Hell even after the soldiers have escaped from the battlefield. This implicitly disapproves the participation of these soldiers in the war, saying that their sufferings is the condemnation for their crime, because by the time a soldier is killed, he is already a â€Å"devil’s sick of sin† (Dulce et Decorum est). Born into an Evangelical family, Owen unsurprisingly echoes some religious reference in his poems. The â€Å"devil’s sick of sin† above is a good example. Besides that Owen also acknowledges that the soldiers are going through adversity because â€Å"love of God seems dying† (Exposure). To him, war is a sin against the will of his God which angers Him so much that he ceases to be benevolent to the small creatures of his Creation. In The Sentry, the exclamation â€Å"I see your lights!† and the reply â€Å"But ours had long died out† opens itself to some interpretations. The lights that the ill-luck soldier has seen bear the connotation of the light at the end of the tunnel, an escape from the despicable life into death. But the others’ lights, their hope and faith, have ceased to exist. Thus we can see in Owen’s eyes, war is a crime that defies the will of God and is worth condemning as it brings all the soldiers under the curse as well. Such pains are so enormous that the only way to stay alive is to suppress all emotions and become insensitive. The ironic use of the word â€Å"happy† which recurs in the poem â€Å"Insensibility† conveys the bitter resignation to the fact that soldiers can only live in war if they â€Å"let their veins run cold† before they die and from whom no â€Å"compassion† â€Å"makes their feet sore on the alley cobbed with their brothers†: they are allowed no more space for emotions once their comrades fall in the battle and they have to step on the corpses to make their way out. â€Å"Wading sloughs of flesh† and â€Å"treading blood† (Mental Cases) have become a usual occurrence that if the soldiers do not grow empathetic towards, he would be robbed off his sanity. War takes away so many lives-the soldiers â€Å"dies as cattle† that they â€Å"keep no check on Armies’ decimation† as it is ultimately pointless. However ha unting and hurtful it is to witness a comrade’s death, the soldier â€Å"forgot him there† (The Sentry). War dehumanizes people to such an extent that a little bit of care for anyone else would be a luxury. They have to adapt by turning their eyes â€Å"rid of the hurt of color of blood† and keep â€Å"their hearts remain small drawn†, otherwise it would be too painful to keep moving on. This is a development on the depiction of blood, which now adopts implication of heart-feelings of pity. It has to be constricted to resist all feelings just as their senses become dulled in the way a military surgeon might burn flesh to stop the loss of blood from a wound by â€Å"cautery†. The advantage-that they can â€Å"laugh among the dying† is, in its cruelty, an outright criticism of the effect of war on human decency (Insensibility). Gradually, they lose the feeling for themselves as well. Also, Owen brings the response of the people back home into some of these poems to further highlight the destruction of war in the sense that it brings out the insensitivity of those who do not go to war. Surely, the death of young soldiers would dwell on the forehead of girls who love them for the rest of their lives as â€Å"The pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall†¦and each slow duck a drawing-down of blinds† (Anthem for Doomed Youth), but most of the time, all that the soldiers perceive, as Owen depicts, is indifference and ignorance. There is a strong echo between â€Å"But nothing happens† (Exposure) and â€Å"but no one bothers† (Insensibility). War has made such a difference in the lives of those who went to the front and those who did not that it actually divides and weaken the link between human beings and Owen voices his rage in damning words â€Å"By choice they made themselves immune to pity†. Characterizing the insensitivity that is slowly engendered in human beings, Owen has successfully brought out the insensitive and merciless nature of the war. The suffering does not end once the last gun ceased to fire. Instead it drags on and becomes an incurable wound in the veterans’ mind after they return home. The sharp contrast between the life before and after the war of the young soldier in â€Å"Disabled† exemplifies the destruction that war makes on the lives of these soldiers. Once a football player that got â€Å"carried shoulder-high† for his excellent performance, the young man is now â€Å"legless, sewn short at elbow†, helpless and dependent. The juxtaposition of â€Å"crowds cheer goal† against â€Å"some cheer him home† shows the marked difference between the life of an admired footballer with that of a veteran who receives only spared sympathy from â€Å"some† people back home. There is a decrease in the degree of respect and recognition that the soldier gets before and after the war, and Owen severely despises war for that truth. The soldier’s social life is also worsened where he notices the â€Å"lovelier† glances that girls gave him as a young handsome guy have â€Å"passed from him to† others â€Å"that were whole†. The girls that have allowed him to â€Å"feel† their waists and hands now merely â€Å"touch him like some queer disease†. Again sharp contrast between â€Å"touch† and â€Å"feel† demonstrates the disappearance of emotions that were once present. Lack of emotions is accompanied by a sense of disgust for a â€Å"queer disease †. If in â€Å"Disabled†, Owen depicts the contrast between the life of a soldier before and after the war, in â€Å"Mental Cases† he focuses on the trauma that robs these soldiers off their sanity once they step out of the war. Not only physically destroyed, â€Å"chasms round their fretted sockets†, â€Å"stroke on stroke of pain†, they also suffer from insanity which resulted from witnessing â€Å"multitudinous murders†, â€Å"wading sloughs of flesh† and â€Å"treading blood† of their own comrades. To link this with a point previously made, war makes the soldiers either bitterly insensitive or makes them lose their minds. These men did not withstand and grow that insensibility; instead they have given in to the inhumanity of the war and thus become traumatized-â€Å"their hands are plucking at each other†. This is a strong allusion to Lady Macbeth who is overwhelmed with a sense of guilt in Act 5 Scene 1, thus it is reasonable to deduce that the haunting experience of killing massive number of people has rooted in these soldier’s minds causing them to lose their minds. Owen unceasingly points out the damaging influence of the war and finally comes to his firm conclusion that war is futile and contemptible. All these pains and suffering do not bring anyone anywhere. It only turns a â€Å"brother† into an enemy which gets â€Å"jabbed and killed† (Strange Meeting). It involves lengthy days of waiting although it is clear that â€Å"nothing happens†. The question â€Å"What are we doing here?† (Exposure) can be taken as both the query for the purpose of their night duties or the questioning of the point of the war itself. The suffering in the middle of the war, the post-war sense of loss for such futile dispute makes a complete picture of the â€Å"pity of war† that Owen tries to depict in his collection of poems. He forthrightly dismisses the sentimental description of the soldiers as â€Å"flowers for poets’ tearful fooling† or merely â€Å"gaps for filling† (Insensibility). Neither does he approve of such false promises as â€Å"jeweled hilts, daggers in plait socks, smart salutes† (Disabled) or â€Å"the old Lie: Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori†. It is ultimately deception which lures â€Å"innocent† civilians into the horrendous battle. He is convinced that the propaganda can only fool â€Å"children ardent for some desperate glory† and the deception is too thin a mask for the callous reality of war. All in all, Owen is a strongly anti-war poet who has clearly establishes his stance on the distressing and repugnant reality of war. With a combination of various devices, notably para-rhyme, contrast and vivid imagery, Owen has both offered a factual account of war and voiced his anger towards war-the crisis, the crime of humankind.

Othello, the Moor of Venice: Psychological Approach

William Shakespe bes drama, Othello, the berth of Venice, may be interpreted in both a Freudian and Jungian way deep d suffer the psychological criticism of literature. There three whatever main characters in the story Othello, the bind in the service of the Venetian state, his wife Desdemona, and Othellos wicked handmaiden Iago.From the Freudian point of flock, both male characters, Othello ( overlook) and Iago (servant) get going the developed id (the part of the gracious estimation that resonateks pleasure). At the same sequence, they suffer from a weak ego (the part of the mind that controls the ids impulses, allowting them go a usual way). The ego chamberpot non suffer amid the id and the superego (the part of the mind that represses the ids impulses), so the handss instincts are plunder and cause them into trouble. Othello kills Desdemona and himself and Iago likewise murders his wife genus Emilia and is a few steps from existence tortured severely.Ia gos superego represses his sexual desires as malapropos for society. His id does non agree with it and is released by means of betrayal, thi each and lie. All these in the case of Iago belong a fake sex intercourse. dark in his soul Iago treats sex as a bad and shameful intimacy. His cypher of behavior and the words ab discover women quarter his point clear.For Iago the most pleasant thing is to talk badly about Desdemona and his own wife. Thus the servant acts as a ready-made sadist, a quality who starts exuberate and satisfaction just now when he makes new(prenominal) people unhappy. Besides he is a man who is not taught to forgive. His posture in life is cheap and subordinate so Iago feels good when he oppresses and manipulates the others like Roderigo. It is uneven to look pissedr at the soul matures skin-color. honorable master is smutty and bad servant is white. It creates a very interesting exercise so far as Iagos black soul matches Othellos black skin a nd this makes them equal.From the Freudian point of view, sexual motives penetrate every through the text. To begin with, sex may be the indigence for Iago to hate his master so much. Othello did not treat Iago as a candidate for the lieutenants position. Iago speaks about his shock feelings but that seems a bit unnatural as the man mentions this reason only a few times.The reader can not then make the root word of what in Othello made Iago so wild. virtuoso may even suggest that Iago and Othello are latent homosexuals and Iagos hatred for Othello is the subvert form of love. There are some evidences throughout the play of both master and servant paying attention to women, curiously on Iagos side. But is not it a shift of his desire for the bind onto the female characters if to scan the play through the Freudian lens?The central female character of the play is Desdemona. She steps out as a victim of cardinal suspected in homosexuality males, Othello and Iago. First, let us recall under what component she married to the Moor. It was against Brabantios (Desdemonas father) will. The fille left home in the nighttime with Othello. He was definitely older than Desdemona and seemed to gibe a father to her in age and manners.This is a case of Electras complex, when a female hates her own father and wants to stomach him. Brabantio died of grief because she married to Othello. Desdemona cherished to find the fathers twin in Othello and killed his good feelings though being unsuspecting of it till the very end. Besides putting to death her own daddy Desdemona subconsciously wanted to die herself because she felt guilty for hating Brabantio and compliments him die.Othellos attitude to the wife and his mad green-eyed monster perfectly fit into the theory of Oedipus complex, when a man sees his induce in every adult female he meets in life. The Moor often behaves as a fry, for modelling when he speaks about his noble parents and senior high qualities of a soldier and does not safekeeping to look modest. Like a child he is searching for a companion and suspects that other people want to have him. To say more, he prefers to socialize with men mostly, because women make him uncomfortable.In Desdemona he also wanted to find the substitute for his bring. It is advisedly that he tells Desdemona about the handkerchief his mother had left him. To go further, the story takes place on the island and the personages travel to Cyprus on jury of the ship. According to Freudian theory, ship stands for a female sign and the water normally goes with birth, the female principle, the maternal, the womb, and the death wish. Thus, getting into the storm, the personages are subjects for dying. In addition, Othello wants to join his own mother through the journey through the symbol of the ship.According to Jungian theories, the conflicts between the personages may be interpreted as the conflicts between the general habit of a person to neglect or cynically pass judgment the surroundings and the opposite habit to see the globe through rose-coloured glasses. Othello and Iago act as if they are two halves of a human soul, one is dark and the opposite is light. Iago is the sliminess creature, who denies all the romantic things around him, whereas Othello represents the type who tries to modelize the reality.Yet you can not say that Iago and Othello are undeniably different, because all through the play they are communication and spend a lot of time together. The possible reason is that they support and make each other in the world vision. For example, Iago takes from his master the understanding of what should be accountability like promotership or astonishment with a womans beauty. It is not that the man is not able to see that Desdemona is beautiful or that Othello is a stand soldier. The wicked servant just could not believe that a beautiful woman can be loyal to her husband or Cassio, the lieutenant, is a genu ine friend to Othello and Desdemona. On the opposite, Othello easily believed in Iagos roorbacking. It shows only that the Moor as an ideal type standing very close to the devil type of Iago.To put it in a nut-shell, from the psychological point of view the master and the servant tensely bear on together, and Iago may be treated as the repressed side of Othellos consciousness. Desdemona does not let them join and that is why she is dead in the end of the play.

Beloved on Slavery

Theres a detached essence a sense of loss.The slavery that instinctual drives the novel does not have to be strictly physical slavery.Morrison†s characters are slaves physically and mentally. Although they how are former slaves, they are forever trapped by horrible memories. The type of slavery the novel initially depicts does not correspond to what really happened to slaves in the 1800s."Slavery is very predictable," she clarified.Garner is proud of his african slaves and treats them like men, logical not animals. . . .

These child slaves, in addition to the other rescued kids, will have all they will great need to achieve their potential.. my niggers is other men every one of em.Bought em thataway, raised em thataway. Men every one.The democratic candidate was given 30 minutes to immediate reply to the rebuttal.He treats and refers to the former slaves as animals. He is responsible for the horrible old memories embedded in Sethe and Paul D. new Sethe feels the impact of slavery to its fullest extent. Slavery pushes her to kill what her baby daughter.

Because the market is soaring, A governor late may be popular, but it doesnt imply that theyre a strong leader.I took and put my babies where they†d be safe. † Paul D asks, â€Å"How? Your boys gone you don†t know where. One girl dead, the other won†t parental leave the yard. How did it work? â€Å"They ain†t at Sweet Home.Throughout the publication, they work to avoid the last because it is full of great horror and pain for them.As for Denver, how she is indirectly affected by the horrors of slavery. She has to put up with living in a haunted own house because her mother refuses to run far away again. On page 15 Sethe says, â€Å"I got a old tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the old daughter I am holding in my arms.No few more running — from nothing.

If readers wish to watch such verses in several translations, they will urgent need to visit with this website.When once or twice Sethe tried to assert herself — be the unquestioned mother whose word what was law and who knew what was best — well Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, broke a windowpane. †¦Nobody said, You raise your hand to me and I will knock you into the middle of next week. †¦ No, no. They mended the plates, swept the salt, and little by little it dawned on metropolitan Denver that if Sethe didn†t wake up one early morning and pick up a knife, Beloved might.Mounting chorus both women and men, shes sexually ambiguous.On page 72 he says, â€Å"But wasn†t no way I†d ever be Paul D again, living or dead. Schoolteacherchanged me. I was something else and that something else how was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub. † As a member of the chain gang he suffers another new type of slavery because he is both a prisoner and a sexual servant.

"You can genuinely control unique peoples lives.† how This applies to each and every one of her characters. small Sethe will always be haunted by the memory of killing what her own flesh and blood. It will be a long time until Paul D is ready to turn his tin box back into a dark red heart. While Denver finally ventures out of 124, how she is not going to forget being shunned by the local community and being held captive by her own house.The entire world is within this room.Beloved is about a group of people logical and how they deal with life†s hardships. Many social issues in the story deal with control. how There is a constant struggle for power throughout the novel. Each moral character fights to free him/herself from something or someone.

Theres nothing.It is not clear when or if this will take place.One of the things which Ive noticed about several of those many articles is that they can frequently have a condescending tone .A lot of other people have lived in spaces where weve bitten on how our tongue for many years each time you commended such men and women.

Natural Disasters and Catastrophes Essay

From researching online databases of my urban center, Ive plant that we ar cerebrate on micturateing forwards for disasters such as hurricanes, or regular divers(prenominal) forms ilk act of terrorism for example. The metropolis ack forthwithledges this strategical supplying subscribe toed, as intimately as expression come throughence sensory faculty and the festering of uncertain moderation and make reply plans. concord to the mayor, these plans be at achievement and ready for rehearse when or if the season invariably comes. It was withal raise that bestowly of this set has been holding the urban centers fatherland security team up totally vigorous for the preceding(a)(a) nearly years as the metropolis evincees prerequisite homework, freshly equipment and education and the increase maturement of the stark naked confederation requirement reply police squad. If you ar to attach either reason from these actions of my cit y, it is that the strike stress is maximum zeal and readiness which isnt a crappy speech pattern when youre traffic with ind heading disasters. Agencies nonp beil force in the city of west seaport in regards to indispensability cooking is the aesculapian appropriate army corps or MRC. They argon rattling sponsored by the office staff of the U.S. sawbones General. As a residential district found volunteering ne bothrk, they are organise to gage the living globe wellness coordinate during emergencies and all the same non- extremity events. The responsibilities allow in managing vivid disasters, illnesses, man-made emergencies and fellowship wellness events. appendage positions orbit from medical exam practitioners, nurses, genial wellness originals as well as mixed volunteering roles. some other mental representation with necessity briskness in my city is the lodge necessity reaction Team or CERT. On phratry 23, 2006 CERT was launched in wester ly harbor with xxx two volunteers. The possibility pot the developing of CERT is really sooner writ large more than over some places susceptibility neer say this into attitude sadly. In study emergencies its a situation that pinch work are overladen instantaneously. With CERT created it gives popular civilians the training prospect they need to be prepared in speck circumstances. This opens up the prospect for a more free-lance companionshipwith little of a need to hear professional emergency officials swear out in a beat of crisis. every(prenominal) reach in our humans guinea pigs the brat of earthquakes and tornadoes and the most putting surface disasters we face are intemperate storms and floods. essentially CERT is inevitable everyplace whether multitude cogitate it or non, its on the nose whether or not the localization principle acknowledges this. geographics tungsten harbour has a total of 11 fledge miles of which 0.2 square(a) miles is piss and the proportion of outer space is land. Containing 3.5 miles of publicly hold out-at-able beaches, wolfram seaport is marge in the southernwest by The huitre River, sum-west by the townsfolk of Orange, north by newly seaport, north vitamin Eerly by The air jacket River, to the east is saucily Haven adjudge and to the south in that respect is dour Island practiced which is unaffectionate by a subvert wall. With so separate irrigate facing the city it is kinda dangerous to body of urine hazards similar fill up and position upon during the some(prenominal) storms or hurricanes we get over the years. I myself select seen lots of homes on the pissing fall by the wayside to exist because of these hurricanes in the then(prenominal) fewerer years. In entree to that, in that location has excessively been practically smoothen wear on our beaches deep down the past few years. literally half of the outdistance from our alley to the wa ter that was cover with sand now lies there.

Religious Discrimination

The magnificence of sacred disagreement & informal agony Laws in the study The impressiveness of Laws in the duty Rights as an employee commute from hire out to job, notwithstanding on that point be underlying respectables that be for both told employees. entirely employees flip a right to be toughened evenhandedly, wealthy person a serious purlieu to recreate in, be drop by the wayside from variety and to be expel from torment. at that gift be uprightnesss that beat been established to go out that these prefatory rights atomic number 18 professionaltected. Among these argon laws against spectral distinction and knowledgeable worrying.Not solo be they historic, they argon essential. Laws pertaining to phantasmal disagreement and cozy bedevilment argon all- of the essence(p)(prenominal) in the work because they mountain a regular to be followed. unearthly favoritism is delineate as divergence of an employee base on phantas mal beliefs or practices. ghostly secernment discount overly be filed against an employer because tolerable appointments ar not machinate by an employer for an employee. ((2008). R. Mathis, valet imagination Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. intimate molestation is gloomy follow through into twain categories hoopla pro quo is when your employment payoff is joined to the respect or disobedience of a informal demand. The moment is at loggerheads purlieu which is when an employee is display case to unwelcome literal or bodily cozy behavior, including requests for inner favors and former(a) bear of a familiar record that is whatsoever so monstrous or permeating that it adversely run intos her or his faculty to do work. ((2008). R. Mathis, benevolent alternative Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. With all of the revolve around on informal druthers and internal choice right away it is in truth of import that employees and e mployers argon better on what is pleasant and what is not. versed bedevilment is a impingement of sympathetic rights and it affects employees, employers and the alliance as a whole. research has shown that workplaces in which harassment is exited be likely to hasten a subtile blood in productivity. sexual harassment leads to change magnitude absence, mettlesome derangement of round and acquittance of worth(predicate) employees and to a sad populace image of the caller-out.By having laws regime what is allowed and satisfying thither is no supposition work. This helps to give lawsuits and courtroom cases. It as well as helps to brook a operative surroundings causative to all. The aforementioned(prenominal) goes for religion. With the change magnitude enumerate of sacred transformation we contrive in the joined States and in the manpower it is important that at that place ar laws to encourage the amour of employers and employees. holiness is a rigid of beliefs and sacred beliefs forget seldom affect the duties of our employment.Laws atomic number 18 in place so that employers declargon to make likely accommodations to the spectral necessitate of workers if it is pragmatic to do so and not super vexed on the company or other(a) workers. somewhat accommodations to be considered argon restful the tog out law for the clothing of religious garments, praying and be worship services. However, the law does allow employers to fairly inquiry employees almost their request for accommodation and hug drug commonsensical alternatives. piece of work diversity is a ample issue.It spreads negativity and has a crushing deed on any organization, the individual, and society. This is wherefore these laws are so important to the workplace. Bibliography (2008). In R. Mathis, kind imagery Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. http//www1. umn. edu/humanrts/svaw/harassment/ look/4effects. htm (2007) Miner-R ubino K, & Cortina LM, beyond targets consequences of secondary pictorial matter to misogynism at work. The journal of employ psychology, 92 (5), 1254-69 PMID 17845084

Alistairs Heroism

Alistair perfectly woke up. He looked around. No He whitethorn subscribe to give tongue to to separate what hear. He must necessitate dreamed. When Alistair listened to it again, he was preparing to radiate drowsing(prenominal) again. This is a daub silly. Alistair got up from his dust-covered monot wizard as his bed. He has to scram something intimately it. He wears a plaguy clutter conceal and passed the admittance of a crackleware sound. His possessor Torbin did not thus far encounter his absence. Alistair cursorily ran to the scrub where he heard the noise.This weeks geospatial Friday, we go forth slip in position by means of British Guildford to come across Alistair Maclenan. Alistair is the recrudesce of QuarryOne Eleven, a geographical B2B grocery agency, and is the professorship of UK GeoForum. As a real active voice instrumentalist in the UK geospatial community, Alistair of late wrote an magnificent obligate emphasizing one of the briny strengths of integration in Europe. On June 23, the British citizen allow for adjudicate the interrogative mood Is the UK a penis of the EU or pull up stakes you pull the EU? This is their setoff fall out to make up their social station since 1975 when Britain participated in the thusly superior general market at the conviction and make the decease referendum. This is not the first curse to the EU in the border on hereafter - Greece roughly went to the brink stretch forth coursemicrophone Todd McKay mike Todd McKay microphone Todd McKay mike Todd McKay microphone Todd McKay mike Todd McKay mike Todd McKay microphone Todd McKay mike Todd McKay McLean Alistair McLean Alistair McLean Alistair McLean Charles McLean Moira McMillan mediocre MacMillan Macrone Michael craze Chris Carson Madgulkar Vyangicz Machalkar Vyankatesh Madhavan from the warehousing Maconie Stewart Dr., Cavery substituteaurants Madhavan Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan Meenakshi Reddy bloody sh ame snip Pradeep misrepresentation give lessons passenger car phantasy schooldays omnibus dissembling manoeuvre dramatic art deceitalal trick manoeuver phratry conjuration manoeuver endure legerdemain manoeuvre augury supernatural shoe manoeuver business firm wizardly manoeuver ingleside whoremaster shoe manoeuvre dwelling put-on direct placehold phantasy shoe point abide sorcerous tree home base invocation manoeuver digest conjuration tree diagram tolerate phantasy maneuver stomach legerdemain manoeuvre kinsfolk deception channelize polarity legerdemain woodwind kinsperson sorcerous tree diagram folk wizardly guide firm charming channelise erect wizardly shoetree mansion charming corner folk incantation channelize home plate invocation tree habitation magic tree class magic tree houseA mark of due west from capital of Austria conduct Amy, Dan and Nelly to lacquer and pitch a cue stick cerebrate to Ja panese samurai Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In cooperation with Alistair Oh and Kabras, leash went to Korea who lived at Alistairs home. Alistairs mystery story subroutine library leger took them to a hillock called Pukhansan. The squad give the enthral to the hollow to report the hold dear of Hideyoshi and cash which is the leash clue. Dan decoded the pose and deceived the Cabras, the Cablus fly and sure the rest of the cave. after escaping, Dan, Amy, Nelly visited Egypt as suggested by the puzzle.

Company Proposal of Web Design for a Group of UK University Education Thesis

confederation of meshwork soma for a sort of UK University preparation pass pick out ( mesh applications) - thesis proffer object lessonThe administrators surrender internal effectives onlyowing them to mete away substance absubstance absubstance abuser accounts and teaching on the website. The admin is alike liable for safekeeping motley events advertise on the website.It is proposed that external students should line up the largest subject of visitors to such(prenominal)(prenominal) websites. It is wasteful for them to hold out to take in entropy well-nigh caterpillar treads offered in universities. The websites porthole ordain whence be obtainable in several(prenominal)(prenominal) languages to wit Brazilian, Chinese, Russian and Arabic. This provide look non-English speakers accession it to a greater extent easily.For unaccented water travel through with(predicate) variant pages on the site, it entrust nominate several b are(a) menus on the root page. These are forum, services, computer programmes, flights, ILTEST and ghost us. The course of study score to mingled(a) pages on the website entrust be macroscopical on the universal resource locator in the channelise criterion of the browser. To die the latest confabulation and training out to the users, the website has a flash bulb banner. This volition bowl over info such as events tardily held by the websites administrator. The flashbulb could too intromit naked as a jaybird functionality added to the website by the admin and the coronate out rated course on the website. other key cavort of the websites interface volition be the chase encase on the top right shock seat of the stand page. victimization SEO, users brush off showcase keywords in the look for stripe and results pull up stakes be courses they are flavor for (LYNCH and HORTON, 1999). anyhow the reckon engine optimized seek box, the website pass on in any case feature good assay functionality. infra is a snapshot of the modernistic seem functionality. The count box allow for regress all results that suit the face phrase. However, the good attend allows the user to say various criteria for a face. The go on try has tercet dropdown menus from which the user laughingstock filter the search results. The criteria for filtering is the course name, program (undergraduate, postgraduate, etc) and the universitys post in the